7.2 定位点命名规则

7.2.0 Fix Identifiers

  Fix identifiers will be assigned to all waypoints with the ground rules set forth in this chapter. Section 5.13 establishes the use and limits the field to five characters maximum.
  定位点按本章规则命名代号。5.13节规定5字代号的使用和限制。

7.2.1 VOR,VORDME,VORTAC,TACAN,NDB

  Waypoints located at any of the above types of facilities will take on the official 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-character identifier of the facility in question.
  航路点位于上述设备类型的，可以使用该设施的1、2、3或4字呼号，例如：

7.2.2 NDB

  For systems employing the “NDB as Waypoint” concept, waypoints located at NDB’s should be identified by the use of the station identifier followed by the alpha characters “NB.”
  对于“将NDB当作航路点使用”的系统，处在NDB位置上的航路点应使用NDB台识别符后缀“NB”的方法标识。例如：

7.2.2.1 导航台作为航路点 Navaid Waypoint

  When the position of a navaid is used to create a waypoint such as during navaid outage or lack of complete navaid information, the waypoint identifier will be created using the navaid name, following the conventions of Section 7.2.3 for One Word Names and Multiple Word Names. For example, a waypoint established at the position of a navaid with the name “Uzgorod” would have an identifier of UZGOD. A waypoint established at the position of a navaid with the name of “Camp Henry” would have an identifier of CHENY.
  当把导航台的位置应用于命名一个航路点且缺少完整的导航台资料时，使用该设施的名称，后随7.2.3节的单字母名称或多字母名称。如航路点位于名为“Uzgorod”的设施时，航路点识别符为UAGOD。在Comp Henry 的识别符为CHENY.

7.2.2.2 机场作为航路点 Airport Waypoint

  When the position of an airport is used to create a waypoint, the waypoint identifier will be created either from the airport identifier, if known, or from the airport name, following the conventions of Section 7.2.3 for One Word Names and Multiple Word Names. For example, a waypoint established at the position of an airport with the identifier of JHKD and a name of Juhankerd Airfield would used the airport identifier JHKD as the waypoint identifier. A waypoint established at the position of an airport without an identifier but with a name of Rondaville Airport would have an identifier of RONDE.
  当把机场用作航路点时,此航路点的命名方法是：
  1、如果知道机场四码，就用机场四码命名。例如：机场Juhankord的四码为JHDK时,此航路点的识别符就是JHKD；
  2、按照7.2.3中单字母命名法或和多字母命名法命名。例如：机场名称为ROMDARILL ，但没有机场代码时，按照7.2.3中的命名规则，此航路点的识别符就是RONDE。

7.2.3 RNAV航路点、交叉点、报告点的命名 Named RNAV Waypoints, Intersections, and Reporting Points

  In many countries these waypoints are assigned unique five-character names, and the identifier is the same as the name. For waypoints not so named, identifiers are developed using the following rules sequentially until five, or fewer, character groups remain.
  在很多国家，这些航路点会分配到唯一的五个字符的名称，则它识别符与名称相同。未按此规则命名的航路点的识别符则按照下述规则逐步删减至五个或更少的字符组。

名称为一个单词的情况 ONE-WORD NAMES

  A. If five or less characters are involved, use the full name.
  A. 如果用作名称的单词为5个字母及以下则采用全名。
例如：

  B. If the name is more than five characters, reduce to five characters with one or more of the following methods.
  B. 如果用作名称的单词多于5个字母，使用下述一种或多种方法减少到5个字母。
   (1) 消减重复字母 Eliminate double letters

   (2) 保留第一个字,第一个辅音和最后一个字，从右向左删除其他元音.
   (2) Keep the first letter, first vowel, and last letter. Drop other vowels starting from right to left.

   (3) 从右向左删除辅音 Drop consonants, starting from right to left

名称为多个单词的情况 MULTIPLE WORD NAMES

  Use the first letter of the first word and shorten the last word using the rules for One-Word names to reduce it four characters, for a total of five characters.
  使用第一个单词的第一个字母， 并使用“一个单词的命名规则”消减最后一个单词的四个字符,直至五个字节.例如 :

注音字母的命名规则 PHONETIC LETTER NAMES

  (1)When an ICAO phonetic alpha character is used as a waypoint name (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc.), use the rules established in One-Word Names. When more than one waypoint in a country has the same phonetic name, obtain uniqueness by applying Duplicate Identifier rules below.
  (1)当一个ICAO注音字母用于航路点名称时(Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, 等…), 使用“ 一个单词的命名规则”.

  (2)Two waypoints having the same Waypoint Identifiers within the same country two-letter ICAO, for example, CHARLIE, would become CHAR1 and CHAR2.
  (2)在同一个国家的双字母国际民航组织代码（例如，CHARLIE）内具有相同航路点标识符的两个航路点，将变为 CHAR1 和 CHAR2 。

  (3)When a double phonetic, such as TANGO INDIA, is used as the waypoint name, use the rules established under Multiple Word Names. For example, TANGO INDIA becomes TINDA.
  (3)当双音节语音，如 TANGO INDIA，被用作航路点名称时，使用在 “多个单词名称” 下建立的规则。例如，TANGO INDIA 变为 TINDA。

  (4)When a phonetic alpha character followed by a numeric and/or other alpha character (A1, A1N, B2, etc.), is used as the waypoint name, it will be coded in the data base the same as shown on aeronautical charts.
  (4)当一个语音字母字符后跟一个数字和/或其他字母字符（A1、A1N、B2 等）被用作航路点名称时，它在数据库中的编码方式将与航空图上所示的相同。

7.2.4 未命名的航路点 Unnamed Waypoints

  Waypoints not assigned unique five-character names, but where a defined fix is required for charting and is to be included in navigation data bases, will have identifiers developed using the following guidelines:
  当需要把一个没有唯一五字代码的航路点绘入航图和加入导航数据库时, 应该使用下列规则命名:

A. Unnamed turn points, intersections, and bearing/distance waypoints

  If the unnamed turn point, intersection, or bearing/distance is collocated with a named waypoint or NAVAID station on a different route structure (e.g., low level or approach), the name or identifier of the collocated waypoint should be used.
  Example: Unnamed turn point on J2 between Lake Charles (LCH) and New Orleans (MSY) VORTACs is coincidental with the Lafayette (LFT) low level VORTAC. LFT should be used as the identifier code for the turn point.
  Identifier codes for unnamed turn points, intersection, or bearing/distance waypoints that are not coincidental with named waypoints should be constructed by taking the identifier code of the reference NAVAID for the turn point/intersection/(bearing/ distance waypoint) (expected to be the nearest NAVAID serving the airway structure in which it is located) and the distance from the NAVAID to the turn point/intersection/(bearing/distance waypoint). If the distance is 99 nautical miles or less, the NAVAID identifier should be placed first, followed by the distance. If the distance is 100 nautical miles or more, the last two digits only should be used and placed ahead of the NAVAID identifier.

A. 未命名的转弯点、交叉点和方位/距离定位点

  如果未命名的转弯点、交叉点或方位/距离定位点聚集在某个已命名的航路点或导航台周边的不同航路航线上时 (例如, 低空航路航线或进近程序), 应该使用汇聚点的名称或识别符.
  例如：J2 航路航线有一个未命名的转弯点，处在与Lafayette (LFT) 低空 VORTAC.相关的 Lake Charles (LCH) 和New Orleans (MSY) VORTAC之间， LFT 将用于转弯点的识别符命名.
  为未命名的转弯点、交叉点和方位/距离定位点编的识别符，未关联到已命名航路点时，应使用它的定位台的呼号命名 (预计是为其所在航路结构提供服务的最近的导航设施) 和导航台至转弯点，交叉点，方位/距离定位点的距离. 如果距离小于等于99 海里，导航台呼号在前距离值在后。如果距离大于100 海里,只用后两位数字，而且放在导航台呼号的前面。

B. FIR, UIR, and Controlled Airspace Reporting Positions

  In cases where the government authority does not provide unique, five-letter or less waypoint names and in cases where the government supplied name cannot be converted to a unique five-letter identifier using previous rules, the following rules should be applied in developing an identifier for such waypoints.
  1. FIR - use the three characters “FIR” plus a numeric from 02 to 99. An identifier so developed is to be unique within the geographical area code.
  2. UIR - use the three characters “UIR” plus a numeric from 02 to 99. An identifier so developed is to be unique within the geographical area code.
  3. FIR/UIR -use “FIR” and a numeric as indicated above.
  4. Controlled - use the three- letter characters for the Airspace type of controlled airspace plus a numeric from 02 to 99. If these are Terminal Waypoints, they are to be unique within the Terminal Area. If these are Enroute Waypoints, they are to be unique within the geographic area code. Examples of controlled airspace types are:
   TMA Terminal Area
   CTR Controlled Zone
   ATZ Aerodrome Traffic Zone
   CTA Controlled Area
   TIZ Traffic Information Zone

B. FIR, UIR和管制空域报告点

  当发生政府未提供五字或小于五字的代码、提供的名称也无法使用上述规则转换的情况时，使用下列命名规则：
  1. FIR- 使用3字的“FIR”加上一个02至99的数字. 为相同地理区域内的航路点造一个唯一的识别符。
  2. UIR- 使用3字的“UIR”加上一个02至 99的数字.为相同地理区域的航路点造一个唯一的识别符。
  3. FIR/UIR- 用“FIR”为前缀，其他同上。
  4. 管制区域- 使用管制空域的三字类型简缩字加上一个02至99的数字.如果是终端区航路点,应该在终端区内不重名.如果是航路航线的航路点, 应该在相同地理区域内不重名. 管制空域的三字类型简缩字距离如下：
   TMA-终端区
   CTR-管制地带
   ATZ-机场交通地带
   CTA-管制区域
   TIZ-交通信息地带

7.2.5 坐标定义的位置报告点 Reporting Positions Defined by Coordinates

  Entry, Exit and intermediate points within Oceanic Control Areas are often defined by waypoints which are “undesignated,” meaning there is no published five-letter-name-code. These points are quite often made available in source documentation as geographical coordinates, expressed in full degrees or half degrees of Latitude and full degrees of Longitude. When such waypoints are to be entered into a database, the following rules are to be applied:
  海洋管制区的进入，退出和中间点经常使用“未命名”的航路点定义，也就是说没有公布五字代码.这些点频繁地以地理坐标的形式出现在官方资料中, 官方资料中的地理坐标格式有整数纬度或半数纬度以及整数经度三种.当这种航路点出现时，使用下述规则进行导航数据库编码：

A.整数纬度

  1.位于北半球时使用字母“N”和“E”,位于南半球时使用字母“S”和“W”。
  2.纬度总是放在经度之前。
  3.经纬度都要使用数字，具体如下:
   a.纬度-使用数据源数值;
   b.经度-只用三位数经度值的后两位. 参照识别符标志代替经度值 (关于识别符的标志“N,” ”S,” ”W” or ”E,” 如下) 无论经度是否删除了“0”或“1”都将提供相关信息。如果经度小于100，这些字符将写在经度值之后，如果经度大于等于100，写在经度值之前.
   c.使用一个字符提供经纬度信息：
   ”N” = 北纬西经
   ”E” = 北纬东经
   ”S” = 南纬东经
   ”W” = 南纬西经
   d.举例：

B.半数纬度

  1.位于北半球使用“N”和“E,” 位于南半球使用“S” and “W”.
  2.纬度总是在经度前。
  3.经纬度都要使用数字，具体如下：
   a. 纬度 –使用资源文件中的整数纬度值.参照识别符标志代替纬度值(关于“N,” “S,” “W,” 或“E,” 参见下文) ，无论纬度时整数还是半数.都将提供参考信息。
   b. 经度–只用三位数经度值的后两位. 参照识别符标志代替经度值 (关于识别符的标志“N,” ”S,” ”W” or ”E,” 如下) 无论经度是否删除了“0”或“1”都将提供相关信息。如果经度小于100，这些字符将写在经度值之后，如果经度大于等于100，写在经度值之前.。 
   c.使用一个字符提供纬经度信息
“N”=北纬西经 “E”=北纬东经 “S”=南纬东经 “W”=南纬西经
   d.举例:

7.2.6 终端区航路点

  The following rules should be applied in developing identifiers for waypoints used solely in terminal area procedures. Such waypoint identifiers will be unique only for the airport specified; a waypoint identifier used in a terminal area cannot be repeated in that terminal area but can be used in an enroute area encompassed by the same geographical area code. Terminal waypoint identifiers can be repeated in areas covered by different geographical codes. These identifier developing rules should only be applied when the waypoints in question have not been assigned official names/identifier by the government authority.
  以下规则仅供命名终端区飞行程序相关航路点。仅要求在指定机场不出现航路点重名现象; 用于终端区的航路点识别符不可以重复出现在某个终端区，但是可以再次出现在航路区域即便二者同处相同地理区域。终端区航路点识别符可以同时在不同地理区域出现.只有在官方未指定名称/识别符的情况下，才可以使用这些命名规则。

A.机场或跑道相关终端区航路点

  (1)一个指定跑道的单个进近程序的编码，而且航路点用于一个以上的进近程序
  在无官方命名的情况下，使用下列两字代码后缀进近跑道号为机场相关航路点命名：

  (2)一个指定跑道的多个进近程序的编码，而且航路点无法公用
在无官方命名的情况下，使用下列两字代码后缀跑道号为机场相关航路点命名:

B.方位距离定位点

  使用下述规则命名:
  1.识别符的第一个字母应该是“D”
  1.The first character of the fix identifier should be “D”
  2.第2、3、4字节表示航路点所处导航台的航道.
  2.Character 2 through four should simplify the Navaid course on which the waypoint lies.
  3.最后一个字节是航路点至导航台的距离.但需要将距离值转换为序号，然后用字母表中相应序号的字母表示。例如： A= 1nm, G= 7nm, O=15nm, 等….
  3.The last character should be the distance of the radius defining the position of the waypoint. This radius should be expressed as the equivalent letter of the alphabet, i.e., A = 1nm, G = 7nm, O = 15nm, etc.
  4.如果弧线的半径大于26NM, 使用未命名转弯点、交叉点和方位/距离定位点的规则命名. 
  4.If the arc radius is greater than 26 NM, then use the convention for unnamed Turn Points, Intersections, and Bearing/Distance Waypoints.
  5.如果官方资料中的弧线半径的分辨率是1/10海里, 小数点后的数值按四舍五入法处理,例如：10.5nm =11nm选 “K,” 10.4nm =10nm 选“J.” 所有0.1至1.4之间的值都选 “A.”
  5.If the arc radius is provided in official government source as nautical miles and tenths of nautical miles, the letter of the alphabet will reflect values rounded to full nautical miles, i.e., 10.5nm = 11nm or “K” 10.4nm = 10nm or “J” All values between 0.1 and 1.4 will be character “A”

C.航迹上的距离定位点

  通常官方资料使用距离已命名航路点/定位点“x”海里表示航迹上的距离定位点. 在航图上, 通常使用“距离已命名航路点xx.x NM”标识表示。 
  Along Track Distance Waypoints are expressed in government source documentation as being “x” number of nautical miles from a named waypoint/fix. On aeronautical charts, they are normally identified as “xx.x NM from Named Waypoint.”
  如果官方资料没有提供识别符, 此类航路点识别符的命名由两部分构成，其中一部分是官方资料中的沿航迹飞行距离, 具体规则包括两部分: 
  When not provided by the source document, identifiers for such waypoints should be developed from the along track distance portion of the source information, in two parts:
  
  Part One - the distance in nautical miles and tenths of nautical miles when the tenths is greater than zero, with the decimal point suppressed. Tenths values equal to zero are dropped.
  第一部分 – 以海里为单位的距离的个位与1/10位，当距离大于10海里时, 而且有小数点时. 1/10位的零将被删除. 
  Part Two - the suffix “NM” if the value is equal to or less than 9.9 or a prefix of “NM” if the value is greater than 9.9.
  第二部分 – 距离值小于等于9.9时，使用后缀“NM”法，距离值大于9.9时，使用前缀“NM”法。
例如：

D.弧线定位点 Constant Radius to a Fix Waypoint

  “弧线定位点”航径终止码(RF LEG) 需要提供一个可用的三个定位点组成的“星座”才能定义弧线. 它们分别是弧线中心点,起始定位点和终止定位点. 因为这些点都与特定的终端区飞行程序或与某机场的专用飞行程序有关, 所以这些点都定义为终端区航路点.
  The “Constant Radius to a Fix” Path Terminator (RF LEG) has available a constellation of three fixes to assist in defining the arc. These are the ARC Center Fix, the Initial Fix, and the Ending Fix. As the waypoints in question will be related to a specific terminal procedure or set of procedures for an airport, these waypoints are defined as Terminal Waypoints.
  当官方资料未提供定位点识别符时，使用它们在弧线中的功能进行命名，具体规则包括两部分:
  When not provided by the source document, identifiers for such waypoints should be developed from their use in the arc definition, in two parts:
  第一部分 – 使用三个字符表示它们在“星座”中的功能:
  Part One - a three character alpha code indicating position within the constellation:
  ARC = 弧线中心点 (ARC Center Waypoint)
  AIF = 弧线起始定位点 (ARC Initial Waypoint)
  AEF = 弧线终止定位点 (ARC Ending Waypoint)
  第二部分 – 使用两个数字进行编号，确保在同一机场不会出现终端区航路点重名的现象.
  Part Two - a two character numeric that ensures a unique waypoint within the set of terminal waypoints for a given airport.
  举例: ARC01, AIF01, AEF01

E. 未命名的梯级下降定位点 Unnamed Step-down Fix Waypoints

  大多数的未命名梯级下降定位点是使用飞行程序所用导航台的DME距离定位的. 此类定位点的命名使用通用标准即可. 即便它们不是由DME设备定位的，也可以使用这一惯例命名.
The majority of published, unnamed step-down fix waypoints are defined by DME distances from a DME associated with procedure reference facility. The naming convention for these points makes use of that general standard. The convention will still be used for unnamed step-down fix waypoints even if they are not DME defined.
  1. 用两位数字定义距离.
  1.Two digits to identify the distance.
  2. 用三个字母定义程序类型.
  2.Three characters to identify the procedure type.
  3. 调整距离数值与程序类型的位置关系，以此明确数值的小数、整数含义.
  3.Position digits to identify decimal or full nautical miles.
  举例:

  如果在使用上述命名规则的时候，同一个机场出现了第二个相同的识别符，应该使用一个数字替换掉第二个识别符的第三个字母.举例:

F. 未命名的梯级下降定位点 Unnamed Step-down Fix Waypoints

  The majority of published, unnamed step-down fix waypoints are defined by DME distances from a DME associated with procedure reference facility. The naming convention for these points makes use of that general standard. The convention will still be used for unnamed step-down fix waypoints even if they are not DME defined.
  虽然允许使用导航台呼号和距离命名终端区航路点(参阅7.2.4 A章节,未命名的航路点) ,但也应该参考本章(7.2.6)所述惯例,只有在距离大于26NM时，才应该考虑7.2.4章节所述规则. 7.2.4 A 所述惯例将永远不会用于距离小于等于10NM航路点的命名.

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